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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Gambia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populous, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

A wide variety of ethnic groups live in the Gambia, each preserving its own language and traditions with minimal intertribal friction. The Mandinka are the largest ethnic group with 40% of the population, followed by the Fula, the Wolof, the Jola, the Serahuli and the Serer. The Aku also live here although only constituting a small community. Approximately 25,000 non-Africans live in the Gambia, including about 20,000 Europeans and 2,500 people of Moroccan origin. Most Europeans are Britons and most of them stepped out after independence.

Muslims constitute more than 92% of the population. Christians of various denominations account for most of the remainder. Gambians officially observe the holidays of both religions and practice religious tolerance.

More than 80% of Gambians live in rural villages, although more and more young people come to the capital in search of work and education. While urban migration, development projects, and modernization are bringing more Gambians into contact with Western habits and values, the traditional emphasis on the extended family, as well as indigenous forms of dress and celebration, remain integral parts of everyday life.

The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century, and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. The population doubled in the period 1982–2009 and quadrupled from 1955–2009, according to United Nations estimates. The total population of Africa is estimated at 1 billion (as of November 2009.)