The geysers of Yellowstone

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The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles. The number of thermal features in Yellowstone is estimated at 10,000 and 200 to 250 geysers erupt in Yellowstone each year, making it the place with the highest concentration of active geysers in the world, thanks to its location in an ancient active caldera.

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Published: 2012-07-12 15:13:58 UTC

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Old Faithful

Eruptions can shoot 3,700 to 8,400 US gallons (14,000 to 32,000 L) of boiling water to a height of 32 to 56 m lasting from 1.5 to 5 minutes. The average height of an eruption is 44 m. The highest recorded eruption was 56 m. Intervals between eruptions can range from 45 to 125 minutes, averaging 66.5 minutes in 1939, slowly increasing to an average of 90 minutes apart today.

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Aurum Geyser

When the meadow is wet, activity is regular with 3 to 4 hours between eruptions. When the meadow dries in late summer and early fall, the interval becomes less predictable ranging from 4 to 7 hours. Eruptions last about 90 seconds and range in height from 4.6 m to 7.6 m. An eruption is usually preceded by bubbling in two small vents nearby.

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Castle Geyser

The Castle Geyser has a 10 to 12 hour eruption cycle. The geyser erupts hot water for about 20 minutes in a vertical column that reaches a height of 27 m before changing to a noisy steam phase that issues for 30 to 40 minutes.

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Clepsydra Geyser

Clepsydra plays nearly continuously to heights of 14 m.

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Daisy Geyser

Daisy Geyser erupts every 110 to 240 minutes for a period of 3 to 5 minutes and is one of the most predictable geysers in the park. Its fountain erupts at an angle to the ground and reaches a height of 23 m.

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Excelsior Geyser

The Excelsior Geyser pool discharges 15,100–17,000 l of 93 °C. of water per minute directly into the Firehole River. In the late 19th century it was an active geyser that erupted frequently. Most eruptions were "only" 100 feet high, but some exceeded 91 m and were as wide as they were high. It is believed that powerful eruptions damaged its internal plumbing system, and it now boils as a productive hot spring most of the time.

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Giant Geyser

Giant can go long periods between eruptions. Its activity level varies considerably from year to year. The spectacular scale of a Giant eruption, combined with relatively frequent activity in recent years, has caused the geyser to be the object of much study and much has been learned about its eruptive behavior. When Giant does erupt, the activity can be quite dramatic, lasting about an hour and sometimes reaching over 76 m.

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Lone Star Geyser

Lone Star erupts about every 3 hours and last about 30 minutes and reaches a heights of 11 to 12 m.

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Pump Geyser

Pump Geyser erupts almost constantly making splashes 0,6 to 1 m high, and thumps without an apparent interval, though there are less productive periods. Then, in 1990, Pump became a true geyser, with intervals and durations of a few seconds. A small boil builds up to a heavy doming of the water which triggers bursting eruptions that spray water up to 4,6 m high. After a few seconds of this, the activity dies down to a mere simmer, but, after a pause of a few seconds, the cycle starts anew.

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Riverside Geyser

The geyser shoots steam and water to heights of 23 m in an arch over the river, sometimes causing brilliant rainbows. The eruptions occur every 51⁄2 to 7 hours. Riverside is one of the most predictable geysers in the park, because it is not located near any other geysers that may disrupt the flow of underground water in the geyser's plumbing.

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Solitary Geyser

Eruptions last about a minute and are four to eight minutes apart; most eruptions are less than 2 m in height. Solitary Geyser is accessible via the Observation Point loop trail behind Old Faithful.

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Spasmodic Geyser

Spasmodic Geyser's eruptions from the two craters can be up to 4.6 m high. Water can also erupt from a few inches to ten feet high from the approximately 20 vents. The intervals between eruptions are irregular, but most are in the 1-3 hour range.

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White Dome Geyser

White Dome eruptions are unpredictable, but generally occur with intervals ranging from 15 minutes to 3 hours. Intervals between 20 and 35 minutes are most common. Eruptions typically last 2 to 3 minutes and reach heights of about 9.1 m, the maximum height being attained early in the eruption.

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