Battambang (Khmer: បាត់ដំបង, IPA: [ˌɓat dɑm ˈɓɑːŋ], Batdambong "Loss of Staff"; Thai: พระตะบอง, RTGS: Phra Tabong; Thai pronunciation: [pʰráʔ tàʔ bɔːŋ] "Club") is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the far northwest. Bordering provinces are Banteay Meanchey to the north, Pursat to the east and south, Siem Reap to the northeast, and Pailin to the west. The northern and southern extremes of the province's western boundaries form part of the international border with Thailand. In addition, Tonle Sap forms part of the northeastern boundary between Siem Reap and Pursat. Its capital and largest city is Battambang.

With a population of 1,036,523, it ranks as the fourth most populous province. In land area, Battambang is the fifth largest province of Cambodia. Battambang is one of the provinces included in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. The province's fertile rice fields have led to a mostly agricultural economy giving rise to the moniker "the Rice Bowl of Cambodia".