Islam is the second-most practised religion in the Republic of India after Hinduism, encompasing 13.4% of the country's population (over 160 million as per 2001 census.

Islam first came to India with Arab trade as early as 7th century AD to Malabar Coast in South India. Islam arrived in north India in 12th century with turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the years, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and the Muslims have played a prominent role in India's economic rise and cultural influence.

Certain Civil Matters of jurisdiction for Muslims such as marriage, inheritance and wakf properties are governed by the Muslim Personal Law, which is developed during British Rule and subsequently became part of Independent India with some amendments.