Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings (vua/vương) or emperors (hoàng đế). Because Vietnam was a titular tributary state to China, many monarchs sought investiture by the Chinese Court; some did not have this approval (Hồ Dynasty) and others did not care to gain the Chinese investiture at all. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were nominal rulers, with the real powers resting on lords who were theoretically loyal to them. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their temple names, while the Nguyễn Dynasty is known through their era names.

It is supposed that the Hùng Kings of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty reigned Vietnam, or the kingdom of Văn Lang at that time, from 2897 BCE to 258 BCE. Following is the list of 18 Hùng kings as recorded in the book Việt Nam sử lược by Trần Trọng Kim.